World Wide Wireless Web.-Part 4. Integration of MPLS with 3G/4G, WLAN and other wireless technologies.
BELOW ARE SOME BEGINNINGS OF FORAY INTO COMPLETE WIRELESS INTEGERATION
Scaling MPLS in Multi-Area Networks Bruno Decraene, France Telecom Next generation networks use and provide VPN services and therefore need MPLS. The size of these networks is big and is getting bigger as IP/MPLS is spreading in aggregation networks, so several IGP areas are common. However extending LSPs across areas is quite a challenging task. This presentation covers the set up of MPLS LSPs between nodes belonging to different IGP areas, when Traffic Engineering is not required. We first present a case based on current service provider requirements. Then, we describe existing mechanisms to address this case and discuss their limitations . We next present a new solution using an LDP extension to ease the set-up of inter area LSPs and better address current networking issues. Finally we provide a high level comparison of the existing and new mechanisms in terms of performances, impact on IP routing, survivability, and scalability. Verizon Business MPLS Enabled Core Network Design Studies: using WANDL IP/MPLS View Ning So, Verizon Business In today's economic environment, it is uncommon for a carrier to build a core network from scratch. Instead, the establishment of any core network is often the result of the natural evolution of an existing backbone network. Although this method often result in an extended network build out, and makes the network design more challenging, the benefits are readily apparent. Networks can realize immediate relife from bottlenecks. Also network's return on investment (ROI) will accelerate as new services are introduced due to the ability to use the latest technologies. This joint presentation from Verizon Business and WANDL, Inc. will address several network design challenges that Verizon Business faced when designing and building its MPLS-enabled Core Network. Each challenge will be discusses with examples, and the solutions will be presented. Verizon Business Design Challenge #1: Designing an MPLS core network that can sustain dual network failure - As the trend of network convergence onto a single MPLS core backbone continues to grown, and the transmission technology moves from the conventional ring based SONET architecture into linear Ultra Long Haul technology, designing an MPLS core network that has the ability to restore 100% of traffic during dual network element failure becomes critical. Verizon Business Design Challenge #2: Designing an MPLS network with backbone trunks of various sizes - Carrier backbone networks have traditionally used a tiered structure with one backbone size for the core backbone, and another bandwith size for edge-to-edge, edge-to-core trunks. In MPLS based networks, backbone trunks could range from OC12 all the way up to OC768. This presents a new set of MPLS traffic engineering challenges, especially during the network failures. Verizon Business Design Challenge #3: Designing an MPLS network with ever more sophisticated customer routing requirements - Verizon Business is experiencing ever more sophisiticated customer routing requirements for its traffic. MPLS-based network makes it possible for carriers to satisfy their customer's unique requirements; it also creates network design challenges. The design of the MPLS core network is an evolving process. While MPLS-based networks introduce many advantages, their inherent flexibility also introduces many challenges which need to be addressed during design process. Is your MPLS Network Ready for IPTV? Martin Lai, Agilent Technologies The introduction of Triple Play services such as IPTV represents a new and exciting time for consumers. The expected financial rewards from IPTV and other multicast services are triggering a remarkable evolution in Telco networks this decade. Network equipment manufacturers and service providers are now faced with the challenge of ensuring their devices and networks can meet scalability, performance and reliability expectations for multicast services including IPTV. There are several options being proposed within the IETF to ensure efficient multicast service delivery over MPLS networks. In this presentation we will discuss several of the mechanisms being proposed including Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) extensions, multicast VPNs (mVPNs) and multicast VPLS. We will describe the test methodologies involved in validating the interoperability, scalability and performance of devices and networks implementing these approaches. You will also be presented with key test scenarios to evaluate and compare the different mechanisms available for efficient multicast delivery and measure the impact they have on the end user viewing experience. Enabled Operational Modes Using PCE-Based Architecture Emmanuel Dotaro, Alcatel The emerging PCE protocols open the door for valuable new operational modes. The PCE is for example an efficient enabler for vertical integration (between layers) and horizontal integration between domains. This presentation explore some innovative modes such as Interdomain TE scenarios, enhanced overlay models using PCE-to-PCE enriched communications, provisioning and recovery performances improvments. Beyond the protocols mechanics, the presentation aims at demonstrating the potential key role of the PCE-based architecture which may foster undeployed technologies existing but sometimes considered too complex. The combination with a Policy Based Management architecture is thus falling into the scope of this introduction to PCE-based architecture applicability. Increasingly Complex Demands for Path Computation in Converged Networks Jay Perrett, Aria Networks The trend for convergence of triple play services over IP/MPLS networks places increased demand for complex service placement algorithms within the network. It is no longer sufficient to throw bandwidth at the problem as Service Providers must extract better value from their deployed resources and must distinguish the traffic for different services they offer. High specification SLAs force network operators to think carefully about the bandwidth and quality guarantees that they are making, and require sophisticated network planning to ensure that a variety of conflicting constraints and demands are met for each customer service. This presentation examines how the requirements of voice, video and data traffic map to different path computation requirements for minimized cost and delay, maximized resilience, and guaranteed bandwidth. The different objectives of Fast Reroute and end-to-end protection will be discussed and the consequences for network planning and path computation will be highlighted. The speaker will identify how different computation techniques can achieve suitable paths only under specific conditions, and will go on to examine the benefits and risks of various network reoptimisaiton techniques in traffic engineered MPLS networks. Dr. Jay Perrett is Chief Science Officer & Head of R&D with Aria Networks Limited where he works on the development of advanced machine learning solutions to complex path computation and network reoptimization problems. Before joining Aria Networks, Dr. Perrett was CTO of Applied Insilico and applied machine learning techniques to the drug discovery and biological research industries. With a long history in Academia and the telecommunications industry, spanning UK and US Universities and Research institutes and companies including Lucent Technologies, Redback and Movaz Networks, Dr. Perrett is ideally placed to bring together the advanced problem-solving abilities of next-generation machine learning applications with the high demands of path computation in complex and growing converged Next Generation Networks. Open Issues in Hierarchical Recovery Payam Torab, Lambda Optical Systems Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) is recognized as a universal control plane with wide applicability to various switching technologies, ranging from packet switching in IP networks to photonic wavelength and waveband switching in optical WDM networks. Today, this wide applicability is being demonstrated by the emergence of multi-region networks, where a single instance of GMPLS control plane controls multiple switching technologies (regions) at the same time. In this presentation, we examine a few areas around fault management and recovery in multi-region networks. In particular, we study 1) GMPLS applicability to end-to-end recovery in these networks, and potential areas for protocol extension, and 2) the implications of optical transparency on fault management, in particular fault localization, in case one or more network regions employ all-optical switching. Regarding GMPLS applicability to recovery, we look at the standard GMPLS end-to-end recovery techniques available today, and how they can be used to achieve end-to-end recovery in multi-region networks. We will discuss the following points and more: . Since end-to-end recovery options in one region correspond to link recovery options in another region, there has to be a one-to-one correspondence between end-to-end and link recovery options in GMPLS, which is not the case at this time. In particular, the notion of link restoration is currently missing from the GMPLS standard. . Assuming the GMPLS end-to-end and link recovery options are unified, we discuss the potential need to signal or distribute additional information to coordinate recovery at different regions. In particular, recovering an H-LSP can affect the diversity of paths that use the H-LSP as a link, a fact that has not been studied with sufficient detail so far. A related problem to recovery in multi-region networks is the implications of optical transparency on fault management. Multi-region networks with an optical core are moving towards transparent optical switching for scalability and economic reasons, but this also makes SONET-style performance monitoring and fault management at each node more difficult. Network performance monitoring can still be done at each node, but often with limitations. Of particular interest is the complexity of localizing soft failures such as BER degradation, and how one can benefit from the vertical hierarchy of multi-region networks to make fault localization faster and more efficient. We share lessons from our experience with a multi-region network that does not have one, but two layers of optical transparency: A DWDM network with multi-granular optical crossconnects (MG-OXCs) that support transparent switching at both waveband and wavelength levels. Here, we show that the GMPLS fault localization performance (in terms of speed and usage of monitoring resources) for soft failures can be significantly improved if the vertical hierarchy of multi-region networks is considered in the design. We conclude the presentation with final thoughts on applicability of GMPLS as a fast, reliable and robust control plane technology for multi-region networks. Future Directions in MPLS QoS Bruce Davie, Cisco Systems Since the early days of the MPLS there have been great expectations that it could improve the QoS capabilities of IP networks. In reality much of the MPLS QoS architecture simply mimics the capabilities that have been developed for IP, such as Diffserv. However, MPLS has had a significant impact on QoS for a variety of reasons. MPLS VPNs have turned out to be the catalyst for a great deal of Diffserv deployment - indeed the majority of service provider Diffserv deployments are in the context of MPLS VPNs. And the decision to use RSVP as the signaling protocol for MPLS-TE has provided a key building block for scalable admission control - an extension to the IP architecture that seems likely to be increasingly important with the advent of large scale video over IP. This talk will explore the future direction of MPLS QoS, including the development of more scalable admission control techniques based on congestion marking, and the challenges of delivering end-to-end SLAs over the networks of multiple independent providers.
Conclusion: The 3G cellular networks, e.g. UMTS are designed to provide users with voice and data services. Total cell capacity limits the per user data rate. Many times highspeed requirements are clustered in small pockets. These clusters are termed as hot-spots. Network operators would like to employ efficient solutions, which are easily integrated with their existing UMTS, based infrastructure.WLANs offer an attractive solution. 3G cellular accesses based on code division multiple access (CDMA) either wideband CDMA or cdma2000 can be used to satisfy users who have a larger need for mobility while 802.11 systems can be used to support users with much lesser coverage area requirements. It is in light of this, the next wave of technological advance is already under consideration i.e. 4G. Several International projects are already underway to ensure that services are suited to the characteristics of several different delivery mechanisms, from cable networks to GPRS networks, and the services can be delivered using the most appropriate of the range of networks available. In addition the dynamic allocation of available spectrum between different wireless networks is also under investigation. The challenge is to explore the design of such a transport infrastructure which will be able to take full advantage of IP based technologies achieving desired mobility between the various access techniques and at the same time provide the necessary capabilities in terms of QoS, robustness and manageability. The goals at the present stage regarding the development of mobile standards remains common (3GPP and 3GPP2) and include IP based multimedia services, IP based transport and the integration of IETF protocols for functions such as wide area mobility support (MIP) , signaling (SIP) and authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA), it is popular to call any network that satisfies these criteria as an all-IP network.
