The history of using electric motors goes in cars goes back to 1830s that is about 178 years ago. With the invention of muffler which was combined with efforts of oil industry to run cars with gasoline. This provided far better range than the cars driven by electric motors. This led to the decline in the manufacture of the Electric motor driven cars and over the years the death of electric car industry. The principal which is used in the electric car motors is they use electric motors and rechargeable batteries instead of an internal combustion engine which runs on gasoline or diesel.
Nevertheless, as the people are becoming more environment conscious due the factors such as greenhouse effect, depletion of ozone layer which in turn has global temperature increase. This is called global warming. Apart from this the oil will not last long so it is the need of an hour to go for alternative source by which we can run the car. Electric car is one such alternative. With this electric cars are making a comeback one such recent one is Tesla.
The principal of working of electric car motor is different from the engine. Engines use fuel which combusts by spark plug in gasoline engine and by Bosch Pump in diesel engine. This combustion process causes the engine to run. On the other hand in the electric car motors electrical energy is used instead of combustion fuel.
Let us see now how the electric car motor works:
1. In electric car electric motor is used in place of internal combustion engine.
2. The electric power required for electric motor comes from controller.
3. The power to the controller comes from rechargeable batteries, instead of gasoline, diesel.
The storage of electric car’s fuel is in batteries, and it is not in fuel tank. Now a day’s batteries are coming with longer charging which help electric cars longer driving range. Also lot of research has been done to decrease the recharge time successfully. The distributor found in vehicles powered by internal combustion engines is replaced by controller in electric car which delivers power to the electric motor from the batteries. To increase the speed when we push down the accelerator pedal the controller measures the pressure and transfers power to the motor.
Electric motors are commonly used for electric wheelchairs, fork lifts, golf carts etc. The electric motors are of two types AC or DC. Using AC or DC electric motors solely depends on the manufacturer. The DC electric motor used in electric car are based on the principal of forklift industry as they are powerful than others. The principal behind the use of AC motor is as Electric motors use magnetism to generate force having three poles avoid to get stuck in between magnetic poles.
To conclude I can tell that with the improvement in the batteries the time required for recharge has been considerably reduced. Thus the electric power requirement is also reduced, which in turn is an economical solution to the rising fuel prices and in future extinction of it. Also there is no pollution by this which in turn safeguards the environment. Thus electric car motors are the need of the hour.
